Green Garden Landscape Style and Atmosphere

A successful landscape needs a garden style which appeals to you, and this is often linked to the house design. It can also be influenced by the kind of plants you like, or by your garden site and its climate.

Garden styles

There is a variety of garden styles, from formal to cottage garden, each with its own atmosphere and character. A predominantly natural or wild garden might look best in the country, or, alternatively, it could turn a town garden into a green oasis and bird sanctuary. A Mediterranean courtyard style would suit a small garden or echo Spanish-style architecture. You may like a formal garden for its symmetry, or an oriental garden for its serenity.

There is no need to follow a style slavishly but it provides a good starting point. Keep its essential flavour and use your own site, climate and way of life to give it individuality. Following are some style examples.

Natural garden

This will have relaxed informal shapes; local trees, shrubs and wildflowers; mulch, gravel or stone paths; natural textures such as old brick, stone and timber; log edgings; naturalised bulbs and perennials growing in longer grass; woodland corners; rough boulders and informal watercourses and pond. Plantings are wayward, with interlacing shrub and tree branches, and tumbling ground covers. Plants to choose are irises, day lilies, native plants, old-fashioned roses, fragrant plants such as evergreen magnolia, berried shrubs, violets, liquidambar, eucalyptus and larch.

Oriental garden

A tranquil, orderly design contrasts open space, such as raked sand or moss, against the shape and position of plants and rocks, asymmetrically placed in threes, fives or sevens, and used against real or simulated ponds and watercourses. Use stone lanterns; water basin and bamboo flume; bridges; stepping-stone rocks across water; pavilion; teahouse; hand- washing basin; pebble, rock or moss paths; pebble-covered beds. Plants, often carefully pruned or clipped to shape, include azaleas, camellias, rhododendrons, black and other pines, cycads, nandina, bamboo, podocarpus, Japanese maples, flowering cherries and other prunus, mondo grass and Korean grass, chrysanthemums, wisteria and bonsai.

Cottage garden

A profusion of drifts and clumps of flowers, herbs and vegetables epitomises the cottage garden, with perhaps stone-paved patio, crazy-paving paths, or paths of gravel or basket- weave brick, and rustic seats, arbour and pergola. Plants include old-fashioned shrub roses, violets, lavender, nasturtiums, marigolds, foxgloves, delphiniums, lupins, stock, wallflowers, forget-me- nots, lilies, mixed hedges, rough-cut grass with spring bulbs planted through, lilac, clematis, honeysuckle, and fruit trees.

Mediterranean garden

This ranges from the more formal tiled-and-walled fountain court to the dry- landscape garden which is simple, drought-proof, antique-looking, with wrought iron gates and grilles, and tiled paving.

It could have painted rough-cast brick, or tile- topped brick walls; terracotta or wrought iron accessories; stone fountain; statues; and shuttered windows. Plants include acacia, jacaranda, crepe myrtle, olive, hibiscus, oleander, lavender, rosemary, geraniums, marigolds, gazanias, verbena and marguerites. This style adapts well to gardens in dry areas and could include plants such as succulents and cacti, yucca, strelitzia, palms, and pepper tree. Crushed rock, raked sand and gravel surfaces can be used.

Tropical garden

Plenty of scope here for shady tunnels of green tree ferns overhanging trickling water, with mossy logs and rocks along the banks and leaf mulch underfoot. Plants could include philodendrons, palms, Dizygotheca elegantissima, gardenias, strelitzia, cycads, ornamental bananas, monstera, agapanthus, ginger, Eucharist lilies. In nontropical climates use large- leafed foliage plants for a tropical feel, such as acanthus, ferns, palms, Fatsia japonica, New Zealand flax, calla lilies, cordyline, hostas and yucca. The tropical garden style is easily adapted to an irrigated shady garden, or in cooler climates to a greenhouse or conservatory.

Formal garden

This style relies heavily on symmetrical design, clipped hedges and topiary; clipped balls and spirals of box or myrtle; rose or herb garden with geometrical layout; fountain court or patio paved with terrazzo, slate or stone; flanking pairs of urns or conifers; rows of trees or other plants; statuary and stylised plantings as in a knotgarden or parterre; or low, clipped, box-edged beds. Plants include magnolia, lilies, standard roses and gardenias, agapanthus in pots, irises, tall grasses, conifers, and citrus.

Contemporary garden

The contemporary look has clean lines based on rectangular modules or curves, with harmony in shapes, scale and textures. Features such as curved lawn area and flower beds, patio, pond or pool, and barbecue are fitted into the suburban rectangle. Some gardens have strong architectural features such as pergola, raised beds, retaining walls, latticed screens and paved areas.

Keep a style’s essential flavour and use your own site, climate and way of life to give it individuality

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