These plants are suitable for growing around the base of winter- or spring-flowering shrubs, for bright splashes of colour in the border..
- Bleeding heart (Dicentra spectabilis) Pink and white heart- shaped flowers in spring above attractive foliage. 45-60cm/ 11/2-2ft. A pure white form is becoming popular. Moist peaty soil and dappled shade.
- Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) Evergreen hand-shaped leaves and white single-rdse-like flowers in winter. 30cm/12in. Fertile moist soil and partial shade.
- Elephant’s ears (Bergenia species/varieties) Large, shiny, leathery evergreen foliage and dense heads of pink, red or white flowers in spring. 30cm/12in. Foliage often turns reddish in winter. Moist soil. Sun or partial shade.
- Lenten rose (Helleborus orientalis) Evergreen hand-shaped leaves and cup-shaped purple, pink, cream or white flowers, often spotted, in late winter/early spring. 45-60cm/11/2-2ft. Fertile moist soil, partial shade.
- Leopard’s bane (Doronicum caucasicum) Yellow daisy flowers in spring. 45cm/1 1/2ft. Moist fertile soil, sun or partial shade.
- Spurge (Euphorbia epithymoides) Acid-yellow flowers in spring. 45cm/1 1/2ft.Best in light soil and full sun.
- Winter iris (Iris unguicularis) Deep-green, grassy, evergreenleaves and soft blue flowers in winter. 30cm/12in. Good on poor soils, including chalk. Needs full sun. Slow to establish.
Six perennials for autumn colour
Many gardens are sadly lacking in perennials that show their best in autumn. Some of the following should be in every garden.
- African lily (Agapanthus campanulatus) Heads of tubular pale blue or white flowers, strap-shaped leaves. 60-75cm/2-2 1/2ft. Sheltered site in full sun; fertile soil.
- Chinese lantern (Physalis alhekengi franchetii) Orangelantern-like fruits can be dried for winter decoration. 60cm/2ft. Grows anywhere. Rather rampant.
- Gladwyn iris (Iris foetidissima) Evergreen, grassy leaves, purple flowers in summer, and brilliant orange seeds in autumn. 45cm/18in high. Moist peaty soil and shade.
- Japanese anemone(Anemone x hybrida) Pink, single-roselike flowers, or white in some varieties. 60-90cm/2-3ft. Ideal for chalky soil and partial shade.
- Michaelmas daisy (Aster)
- Peruvian lily (Alstroemeria aurantiaca) Brilliant orange-scarlet, pink or yellow lily-like flowers, tuberous roots. 90cm/3ft. Ideal for sandy soil and full sun. Young plants establish better than dormant tubers.
Six perennials with beautiful leaves
Attractive leaves make a good contrast for flowering perennials and shrubs.
- Dwarf bamboo (Arundinaria viridistriata) Knee-high noninvasive bamboo with acid-yellow leaves striped green. 1.5m/5ft. Ordinary soil, sun or dappled shade. Cut down stems in late winter.
- Moor grass (Molinia caerulea `Variegata’) Dwarf grass with cream and green striped leaves. 60cm/2ft. Full sun for best colour. Well-drained soil.
- New Zealand flax (Phormium species/varieties) Bold evergreen, sword-like leaves, highly coloured in many varieties — some striped red or yellow. Heights 0.3-1.8m/1-6ft. Need very good drainage, and sun for best colour.
- Plantain lily (Hosta)\
- White sage(Artemisia ludoviciana) Silvery-grey feathery foliage. 1.2m/4ft. An ideal plant for hot, dry, even arid spots.
- Zebra grass(Miscanthus sinensis `Zebrinus’) Ornamental grass with beautiful gold-banded arching leaves. 1.8m/6ft. Any soil, full sun. Cut down the stems in early spring.
Five perennials for containers
The following will grow well in tubs on the patio. Grow them in a good loam-based potting compost, such as John Innes No. 2. Keep well-watered in summer.
- Day lily(Hemerocallis hybrids) Long-flowering.
- Spurge(Euphorbia wulfenii) A large plant for a large tub. Up to 1.2m/4ft. Attractive grey-green leaves and, in spring and summer, large heads of tiny flowers surrounded by prominent greenish-yellow bracts. For sun or semi-shade.
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